For several years now, a significant increase in interest in systems enabling the efficient acquisition of energy from renewable sources has been observed in Poland. This fact is not surprising, because consumers are forced to look for alternative, cheaper solutions thanks to the constantly rising prices of electricity and gas, as well as the desire to achieve relative self-sufficiency in this area. Therefore, both entrepreneurs, farmers and private individuals have recently been eager to choose renewable energy systems, and photovoltaics is particularly popular in this regard.
What elements is the PV system made of?
The basic element of every PV system, regardless of its location, dimensions and purpose, are photovoltaic modules consisting of cells. These are made of crystalline semiconductors, i.e. silicon wafers. The system parameters are selected based on calculations taking into account demand, hence they will always be different for installations supplying buildings on a farm and for a single-family house. Key components for the proper operation of photovoltaics also include: an inverter (solar inverter) that converts the obtained direct current into alternating current, appropriate protection and cabling, as well as a supporting structure for mounting on the roof or on the ground.
So how does photovoltaics work?
Basically, the processes occurring in a photovoltaic installation are not particularly complex in themselves. Under the influence of sunlight in a PV system, the so-called photovoltaic effect occurs, during which the energy of solar radiation (photons) is converted into energy suitable for use in the electrical installation as a result of collision with electrons. The sunlight acting on the modules is, in a sense, intercepted, and as a result of the processes taking place in the cells, direct current is generated. In order to be transferred to the grid and further to electrical receivers, it must be converted into alternating current, hence a necessary element of every PV installation is a solar inverter, popularly called an inverter.